Although conceptually plausible, this conclusion is complicated by the fact that correlations between mindfulness and depersonalization reported in the literature tend to be secondary findings as opposed to tests of primary study hypotheses and thus often do not control for factors that may influence both mindfulness and experiences of depersonalization, such as general distress. These findings have been taken to suggest that individuals who suffer from depersonalization exhibit deficits in dispositional mindfulness. The results may inform theoretical models of depersonalization and mindfulness-based interventions for depersonalization.Ī few studies have observed a negative correlation between mindfulness and symptoms of depersonalization in nonclinical individuals (Michal et al., 2007), patients with clinically diagnosed DPD (Nestler et al., 2015), patients with auditory hallucinations (Escudero-Pérez et al., 2016), and individuals prone to hallucinations (Perona-Garcelán et al., 2014). Experiences of depersonalization demonstrated divergent relationships with mindfulness facets, alone and in interaction. The current study provides novel insight into the relationship between depersonalization symptoms and various aspects of mindfulness. Specifically, higher Observing was related to increased depersonalization symptoms at low levels of Nonjudgment and to decreased symptoms at low levels of Nonreactivity. The overall positive relationship between depersonalization symptoms and the Observe facet was moderated by both Nonjudgment and Nonreactivity. After controlling for intercorrelations among the facets, depersonalization symptoms remained significantly associated with higher Nonreactivity and lower Acting with Awareness. ResultsĬontrolling for general distress, depersonalization symptoms were positively associated with Observe, Describe, and Nonreactivity facets and negatively associated with Acting with Awareness and Nonjudgment facets. MethodsĪ total of 296 adult participants (139 male, 155 female, 2 other) were recruited online via Qualtrics and completed the Cambridge Depersonalisation Scale Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. The present study examined the relationship between symptoms of depersonalization and facets of dispositional mindfulness in a general population sample. Although depersonalization has been described as the antithesis of mindfulness, few studies have empirically examined this relationship, and none have considered how it may differ across various facets of mindfulness, either alone or in interaction.
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